Pharmaceutical-grade calcium carbonate
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Pharmaceutical-grade calcium carbonate (\(CaCO_{3}\)) is a high-purity, safe, and versatile compound used in medicinal products primarily as a calcium supplement, an antacid, and a pharmaceutical excipient.Ā Chemical identity and gradesĀ Chemical name: Calcium carbonate.Formula: \(CaCO_{3}\).Appearance: A white, odorless powder with a chalky texture.Pharmaceutical grades: It is manufactured to meet rigorous standards set by pharmacopoeias such as the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), European Pharmacopoeia (EP), British Pharmacopoeia (BP), and Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP) to ensure safety and purity.Ā Pharmaceutical applicationsĀ Calcium supplementation: As an excellent source of elemental calcium, \(CaCO_{3}\) is used to prevent and treat calcium deficiencies and conditions like osteoporosis, especially in older adults and postmenopausal women. It is a key ingredient in many over-the-counter and prescription supplements.Antacid formulations: Due to its basic nature, it is widely used in over-the-counter antacids to neutralize excess stomach acid and provide rapid relief from symptoms of heartburn, acid indigestion, and GERD.Excipient and filler: In drug manufacturing, \(CaCO_{3}\) serves as an inactive ingredient that provides bulk and acts as a binder in tablets and capsules. Its compressibility helps produce tablets of uniform size and shape, improving manufacturing efficiency and stability.Phosphate binder: For patients with chronic kidney disease, it is used to bind excess phosphate in the blood, which helps manage hyperphosphatemia.pH buffering agent: It helps control the acidity or alkalinity of formulations, which is essential for maintaining the stability and effectiveness of certain drugs. It is sometimes added during the fermentation of antibiotics for this purpose.Ā Important considerations and side effectsĀ High purity is critical: Only pharmaceutical-grade \(CaCO_{3}\) should be used for medical purposes, as industrial grades can contain harmful impurities.Potential side effects: While generally safe, overuse or high doses can lead to side effects such as constipation, stomach pain, gas, and, in rare cases, hypercalcemia or milk-alkali syndrome.Drug interactions: The absorption and effectiveness of many other medications, including certain antibiotics, iron supplements, and thyroid drugs, can be affected by \(CaCO_{3}\) because it changes stomach pH.Vitamin D interaction: The absorption of calcium from \(CaCO_{3}\) is enhanced by the presence of Vitamin D.Ā